How to Prevent Frozen Pipes

When water freezes it expands, and the pressure it builds — not the ice itself — is what splits a pipe. The crack often hides until the thaw, when the line starts leaking. A little winter prep is far easier than a burst-pipe cleanup.

Which pipes are at risk

The most vulnerable runs are the ones losing heat fastest: pipes in unheated crawl spaces, attics, and garages; lines along exterior walls; and outdoor hose bibs (spigots). Sustained temperatures below about 20°F are when trouble usually starts.

Check your risk

The checker at the top of this page combines your local winter climate with how exposed your pipes are to give a risk level and prevention steps.

How to prevent it

• Disconnect and drain garden hoses and cover outdoor spigots before the first hard freeze.
• Insulate pipes in crawl spaces, attics, garages, and along exterior walls.
• On freezing nights, let a faucet drip slightly and open cabinet doors so warm air reaches the pipes.
• Know where your main shut-off valve is, so you can stop the water fast if a pipe does burst.

If a pipe is already frozen

If no water comes from a faucet on a cold day, a pipe may be frozen. Shut off the main, open the faucet, and warm the area gently — never with an open flame. If a pipe has already burst, a plumber can respond fast. One tap to call.